Abstract: The five-stage sequential extraction procedure is applied for element composition and phases in atmosphere aerosol and aerosol supplied by International Atomic Energy Agency(IAEA). Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis(INAA) are used to determine the elemental composition of dissoluble phase, carbonate phase, oxide phase, organic phase and indissoluble phase. Distribution proportions and Enrichment Factors (EF) of elements in five phases are calculated. The accuracy and precision of this sequential extraction procedure are good, and can be applied to aerosol samples loaded on air filters. Experiment data show that elements have various distribution complexions in different phases. The whole EF values of lithosphere source elements are less than 10, but the EF values of elements Ca, Mg, Ba, Co, Cs, Mn, Rb in dissoluble phase and U in carbonate phase are large than 10. The whole EF values of anthropogenic pollutant elements are large than 10. The EF values of elements Sb, Se in five phases are large than 10, but the EF values of elements Br, Mo in oxide phase and indissoluble phase and As, Zn in indissoluble phase are less than 10. Ca mainly enrich in dissoluble phase. Cr mainly enrich in oxide phase.Br mainly enrich in carbonate phase. The element Sb has higher concentrations in dissoluble phase and indissoluble phase. The element Se has higher concentrations in dissoluble phase and organic phase. The element Cu has higher concentrations in dissoluble phase, organic phase and oxide phase. When aerosol deposit on the earth's surface by dry and wet removal processes, dissoluble phase can directly enter water circulation. In proper condition, carbonate phase and organic phase can react with other compound in environment to enter ecosystem as water dissoluble compound, thus have strong influences to environment. Oxide phase and indissoluble phase does not easily react after they deposited, and has little effect to environment.