Abstract: Passive residual heat removal system is the key assurance for the inherent safety of modular high-temperature gas-cooled reactor (MHTR). With application of pre-stressed concrete pressure vessels(PCPV) instead of steel pressure vessels as the primary circuit pressure boundary of MHTR, the residual heat removal system must be designed specially. The paper provides PCPV’s residual heat removal system design concept for MHTR, and presents its main technical characteristics, structural peculiarity and the thermal-hydraulic analysis. The system can ensure to passively remove the reactor core decay heat only by means of natural recirculation during accidents.