Abstract: The safe and effective treatment and disposal of heavy metal and radioactive waste become one of the urgent problem in environment or/and social issue which should be resolved， and it is also the guarantee for the sustainable development for our country. Fly ash based geopolymer is a new material which has many attractive properties， such as requiring simple equipment， easy scaling-up， low working temperature， no trouble of gas cleaning and low cost which are the same as cement solidification. It may be used as an alternative technology for treatment and disposal of heavy metal and radioactive waste. The state of the art and development trends for geopolymer solidification of heavy metal and radioactive waste were described in the paper and main technical problems needed to solve were also discussed.