微尺寸碳气凝胶的制备及其机械性能研究

Investigation for Micro-shape Fabrication of Carbon Aerogel and Its Mechanical Property

摘要: 以间苯二酚和甲醛为源，碳酸钠作催化剂，采用溶胶-凝胶技术和原位成型工艺制得有机气凝胶微柱、薄片。经常压下丙酮替换和后续精确温控的高温碳化工艺制备相应的微尺寸碳气凝胶。研究表明，通过控制前期反应参数，可实现碳气凝胶密度在300～1 000 mg/cm³可控、比表面积高达1 521 m²/g、具有不同内部微观结构和良好的低温力学稳定性能。所制备的微尺寸碳气凝胶是一种优秀的惯性约束聚变实验用多孔泡沫材料。

Abstract: Organic RF aerogels shaped by capillary and sheet moulds were derived from resorcinol and formaldehyde’s polymerization reaction which was catalyzed by sodium carbonate via sol-gel process. Micro-shape carbon aerogels were formed by pyrolyzing the RF aerogels dried at ambient conditions by solvent substitution. Typically, the carbon aerogels show a widely density range from 300 to 1 000 mg/cm³, extremely high surface areas up to 1 521 m²/g, and the variety of microstructure through adjusting the prior reaction conditions. The mechanical property of carbon aerogels was also investigated and it keeps definitely stable in cryogenic circumstance for inertial confinement fusion experiment’s requirements.