低能中子双缝衍射的量子理论

Quantum Theory of Low-Energy Neutron Double-Slit Diffraction

摘要: 近几年，有大量的实验研究了电子、中子、原子和分子的衍射现象，且给出不同的理论解释。本工作用一种量子力学的方法研究低能中子的双缝衍射问题。通过研究可知：当缝宽a和缝间距d满足(a+d)/a=n(n=1,2,3,…)时，衍射图样中级数为n,2n,3n,… 的缺级；当(a+d)/a≠n(n=1,2,3,…)时，无缺级现象；缝的长度b只影响衍射的相对强度，而缝的厚度c不仅影响相对强度，且还改变衍射图样中的缺级现象。

Abstract: The phenomena of electron, neutron, atomic and molecular diffraction were researched by many experiments in recent year and these experiments were explained by various theory. In this paper, we study the double-slit diffraction of neutron with an approach of quantum mechanics at frist. We find some new results: When slit width a and slit distance d is the ratio of (a+d)/a=n(n=1,2,3,…), order n, 2n, 3n,… are missing in diffraction pattern; When the ratio of (a+d)/a≠n(n=1,2,3,…), there isn’t missing order in diffraction pattern; The length of slit b only affects the diffraction intensity while the thickness c not only affects the intensity, but also changes the missing order in diffraction patterns.