带管道铀床回收氘气过程分析

Deuterium Absorbing Process Through Uranium Bed With a Small Pipe

  • 摘要: 在ICF实验用微球靶充气工艺系统中,通过测试管道中氘气压强p与时间t的变化关系,研究了室温下铀床回收氘气的动力学过程。用数据处理软件Origin拟合p-t曲线,得到了氘气吸收速率方程,讨论了速率方程中各参数的物理意义以及影响因素。9×10-4m3氘气罐中初始压强p0=0.6 MPa的氘气通过长2.3 m、孔径1~2 mm不锈钢管道,与铀床反应30 s后压强降为0。通过计算流体平均雷诺数Re发现,随着压强不断下降,氘气在管道中流动状态逐渐从湍流向层流转变。压强随时间的变化规律符合一次指数衰减曲线,t=0~12 s时湍流状态下的速率方程满足p(t)=y0+A1exp(-t/t1)(y0=0.05~0.1 MPa,为非湍流状态下铀床的吸氘量;A1=0.5~0.6 MPa,为反应初始氘气量;t1=3.3~3.7 s)。该过程可看作一级反应,决速步骤为氘气在管道中的扩散,反应速率常数k=1/t1,半衰期τ=t1ln 2。在室温(20 ℃)下,减少铀床中初始氘含量可提高反应速率常数k。层流状态下的回收过程需进行进一步探讨

     

    Abstract: In the ICF micro-sphere target filling system, in order to study the recovery of hydrogen isotopes at room temperature by a uranium bed through a small pipe, deuterium pressure (p) in a stainless iron vessel vs time (t) was recorded. The p-t curve was fitted by software Origin, and the fitting curve was discussed. Deuterium gas in a 9×10-4m3 vessel, flows through 2.3 m stainless iron pipe with inner diameter D=1-2 mm, and the pressure drops from p0=0.6 MPa to zero within 30 s. The gas flow state transits from turbulent flow to laminar flow, according to the calculated average Reynolds number (Re). t=0-12 s, the relation between p and t satisfies first-order exponential decay curve, i.e., p(t)=y0+A1exp(-t/t1), in which y0=0.05-0.1 MPa, A1=0.5-0.6 MPa, t1=3.3-3.7 s. y0 shows the deuterium uptake in the laminar flow state, A1 refers to initial deuterium pressure p0. The recovery process can be regarded as a first-order reaction, and the rate-determining step is deuterium diffusion through the gas pipe, reaction constant =1/t1, the half-life of the recovery process in turbulent flow state τ=t1ln 2. The reaction constant k rises with reduction of initial deuterium content in U-bed. The condition in the laminar flow state needs further investigation.

     

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