Abstract: The method about fabrication and characterization of graded density aerogel flyer target for extending loading time in laser-driven equation of state (EOS) experiment was introduced. The preparation of the target involved the synthesis of organic resorcinol formaldehyde (RF) aerogel. RF hydrosol was prepared via sol-gel process with resorcinol-formaldehyde-water system and catalyzed by sodium carbonate. Also, an airtight micro-mold was used in layer-by-layer gelation process. After gelation, the RF wet gel was demoulded in ethanol condition and substituted with ethanol one time per day for three days to remove the residual solution. The treated RF wet gel was converted to RF aerogel via vacuum drying after the residual solution was completely removed. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray phase contrast imaging instrument and surface area and porosity analyzer were used to characterize the composition, morphology, density, interlayer coupling and microstructure of the flyer target. A four-layer target with total thickness of about 120 μm and density of about 400-1 200 mg/cm3 was obtained and characterized in the experiment.