两种深空核爆炸辐射电磁脉冲模型的比较

Comparison of Electric Dipole and Magnetic Dipole Models for Electromagnetic Pulse Generated by Nuclear Detonation in Space

摘要: 深空核爆炸通过电偶极子和磁偶极子两种辐射机制产生电磁脉冲。本文具体分析了两种辐射模型产生电磁脉冲的物理机制，并估算了远处观察点的辐射电场。计算表明，电子以高斯波形出射时，百吨TNT当量爆炸在km量级范围内产生的电偶极子和磁偶极子辐射电场强度分别为kV/m和10 V/m量级。深空中地磁感应强度较弱，电子的角向运动相比初始方向运动是小量，因而磁偶极子的辐射强度远小于电偶极子的。

Abstract: Electromagnetic pulse can be generated by the nuclear detonation in space via two radiation mechanisms. The electric dipole and magnetic dipole models were analyzed. The electric radiation in the far field generated by two models was calculated as well. Investigations show that in the case of one hundred TNT yield detonations, when electrons are emitted according to the Gaussian shape, two radiation models can give rise to the electric field in great distances with amplitudes of kV/m and tens of V/m, independently. Because the geomagnetic field in space is not strong and the electrons’ angular motion is much weaker than the motion in the original direction, radiations from the magnetic dipole model are much weaker than those from the electric dipole model.