Abstract: The principle of capacitive hydrostatic leveling sensors was presented. Simulations of sensors with two kinds of materials (metal and distilled water) as target electrode in the situations of calibration and work were carried out by Ansoft Maxwell software. Different values of capacitances in different situations were compared and analyzed. Then some experiments were done with independently developed prototype of capacitive hydrostatic leveling sensors to verify the above simulations. In the situations of calibration and work, the same property (conductivity and dielectric constant) material as target electrode should be chosen for capacitive hydrostatic leveling sensors. Otherwise, there is an error of sensors after calibration, and the main factor is conductivity.