Abstract: One-dimensional calculation model of axial traveling wave reactor (TWR) was detailedly deduced from neutron diffusion equation and burnup equations. In the expression derivation process, some relevant assumption was explained based on reactor physics theory, which theoretically demonstrated that the burnup concept was feasibility. The startup area design which was key technology for a axial TWR was analyzed from startup area length, axial segment partition and axial distribution of nuclide density and so on. Based on the results, a 2 000 MW axial TWR core design has been proposed, which satisfied the requirement of small excess reactivity swing and important reactor characteristics moving along the axial direction with constant distribution.