Abstract: The internally and externally cooled annular fuel is a new PWR fuel which consists of two cladding and annular pellets. Compared with traditional solid fuels, the annular fuel has more safety performance during accident conditions due to the enhanced heat transfer area of the fuel and reduced thickness of annular pellets. The locked-rotor accident and the rod ejection accident were analyzed to confirm the response of the plant for Qinshan Phase Ⅱ Nuclear Power Plant as the reference plant loading with annular fuel. Compared with solid fuels, it is shown that the safety margin of the plant loaded with the annular fuel is improved during accident conditions.