Abstract: In order to find out the spatial distribution characteristics and pollution levels of uranium in the soils around uranium tailings, portable XRF elemental analyzer was applied to analyze and test in-situ, and SPSS software was used to analyze in-situ test data. The results show that the content of uranium in soil is 4 times and 2.3 times as many as the soil element background values of China and the province of research area. The variable coefficient of the uranium content is 61.84% in soil samples, which shows that contents of uranium are up to standard of strong variation. The frequency statistics of the uranium content in the soil samples is similar to skew normal distribution, which indicates that the soils around the uranium tailings have been polluted to some extent. Based on the results of statistical analysis, single contamination index, geoaccumulation index method and ArcGIS were used to estimate spatial distribution characteristics and pollution level of uranium in the soils around the uranium tailings. The pollution assessment results show that the main pollution areas concentrate in the range of 0 m to 500 m around the uranium tailings dam and 0 m to 100 m around the emergency treatment pool in the NE of the uranium tailings. The evaluation results can provide the basic data for carrying out phytoremediation and treating of uranium tailings.