钍基熔盐堆燃料循环与启动策略研究

Study on Thorium-based MSR Fuel Cycle and Start-up Scheme

  • 摘要: 研究了熔盐燃料在堆内外循环以及考虑特殊核素的添加、提取等在线处理过程的熔盐堆燃耗计算模型,在多功能组件计算程序SONG的基础上开发了相应的燃料循环计算功能并进行了初步验证。在此基础上,分别针对氧化铍慢化的热谱熔盐堆和无慢化的快谱熔盐堆进行计算,并根据堆芯反应性长期稳定的基本要求,分析了利用233U和工业Pu启动熔盐堆时配套的在线处理方案以及相应的易裂变核添加要求。通过对核素添加、提取以及燃料内核密度的平衡计算,分析了不同的在线处理方案与启动策略对钍-铀燃料循环效率的影响,并据此提出了初步的熔盐堆燃料循环技术路线。结果表明:压水堆乏燃料提取的工业Pu较233U更适宜用于钍铀燃料循环启动,因工业Pu启动的快谱熔盐堆的233U产率明显高于233U启动熔盐堆,而当有了足够的233U积累后,233U启动的热谱熔盐堆是更好的选择,因其燃料倍增时间更短且燃料初装量也小得多。

     

    Abstract: The molten salt reactor (MSR) depletion calculation model was studied, considering the cycling of fuel salt in the primary loop and isotope feeding and exaction through on-line processing system. Fuel cycle calculation function was developed and tested based on lattice code SONG. Fuel cycle and start-up schemes were analyzed for different core types, including BeO moderated molten salt thermal reactor and no moderator molten salt fast reactor. According to the reactivity requirement for long-term operation, corresponding on-line reprocessing and fissile isotope feeding schemes were analyzed for 233U and Pu start-up schemes. By the balance calculations of isotope feeding, exaction and density in the fuel salt, the influences of on-line processing and start-up schemes on Th-U fuel cycle efficiency were revealed, and technology roadmap was proposed preliminarily for molten salt reactor fuel cycle. The results show that using Pu from PWR is better than using 233U for start-up of Th-U fuel cycle, since Pu started fast spectrum molten salt reactor has much higher 233U production rate than 233U started reactors. However, when there is enough 233U accumulation, 233U started thermal spectrum reactor is preferred, which has a shorter doubling time and much less fuel loading.

     

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