Abstract: The determination of radionuclides in environmental samples is a key link in environmental protection and radionuclide safety assessment, which is also an effective way to study the environmental behavior of radionuclides. In this paper, the chemical properties of Np and Am were summarized in detail and the research progresses of sample pre-treatment, chemical separation and purification of target elements, source preparation and measurement were reviewed. The major bottlenecks of analytical methods reported were illustrated and the prospect of rapid measurement of trace amounts of ²³⁷Np and ²⁴¹Am in soil samples was made.