压水堆二回路工况下碱化剂对结构材料腐蚀的影响

Influence of Alkalizer on Corrosion Behavior of Structure Material in Pressurized Water Reactor Secondary Circuit

  • 摘要: 利用长期浸泡的方法分析研究了压水堆二回路工况下A508Ⅲ和A106Gr.B低合金钢在乙醇胺(ETA)+二甲胺(DMA)、ETA、氨(NH3·H2O) 3种碱化剂中的均匀腐蚀行为,并利用扫描电镜、X射线光电子能谱和AES等技术分析了氧化膜的结构和组分。结果表明,在2 000 h试验后,A508Ⅲ试样在NH3·H2O中的腐蚀速率为0.15 mg/(dm2·h),而在ETA+DMA条件下的腐蚀速率为0.087 mg/(dm2·h),较在NH3·H2O中降低约42%。对于A106Gr.B材料,ETA+DMA环境的腐蚀速率相对于NH3·H2O环境下降约29.01%,说明复合碱化剂条件下,试样更耐蚀。氧化膜结构分析表明,氧化膜主要以Fe和O为主,ETA+DMA环境下的氧化膜厚度较薄,结构更加致密,氧化膜内含有N元素,说明胺分子参与了氧化膜的生成。复合碱化剂下材料耐蚀性提高的主要原因是由于复合碱化剂中的胺挥发性小于NH3·H2O,液相冷却剂pH值升高,减缓了Fe的氧化反应,另外胺分子易通过吸附作用吸附于氧化膜表面,降低了金属氧化反应的活化能,提高了材料的耐蚀性能。复合碱化剂与二回路设备材料具有较好的相容性,能有效降低设备材料的腐蚀速率,对于二回路水化学处理方法的改进有积极意义。

     

    Abstract: The general corrosion of A508Ⅲ and A106Gr.B in pressurized water reactor secondary circuit was studied by means of long-term immersion in three alkalizers, such as ethanolamine (ETA)+dimethylamine (DMA) mixed alkalizer, ETA and ammonia (NH3·H2O). And scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) were used for demonstrating the asprepared oxide films. The results show that the corrosion rate of A508Ⅲ samples is 0.15 mg/(dm2·h) after 2 000 h immersion in NH3·H2O, but that is 0.087 mg/(dm2·h) in ETA+DMA mixed alkalizer, just dropped by 42% compared with in NH3·H2O. In similar, the general corrosion rate of A106Gr.B in ETA+DMA also drops by 29.01% compared with in NH3·H2O, demonstrating that samples display better corrosion inhibition effect in ETA+DMA. The XPS and SEM results show that oxide film is much thinner and denser mainly composed of Fe and O. A little N element can be found in the film formed in ETA+DMA, illustrating that amines involve in the formation of oxide film. The improved corrosion resistance can be attributed to the less volatile of DMA at high temperature, which improved pH value of liquid, thus inhibited iron’s oxide reaction. On the other hand, the adsorbed amine molecules on the surface of samples reduce the activation energy of the metal oxidation reaction partly. Mixed alkalizer exhibits superior compatibility with materials in secondary circuit, which makes good sense for improvement in water chemistry in secondary circuit.

     

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