Abstract: In view of the radiation problem of nuclear reactor power on the Martian surface to the surrounding crew and system equipment, the dose limit requirements for crew and equipment were proposed, and the calculation conditions were put forward. The effects of the Martian regolith and atmosphere on shielding performance of nuclear reactor were analyzed. The calculation results show that the Martian regolith can play a significant shielding effect on nuclear reactor, and the Martian atmosphere has a certain scattering effect on neutron and gamma ray, affecting the shielding effect of nuclear reactor. When the nuclear reactor is buried in a hole within the regolith, the scattering of the Martian atmosphere has a greater effect on the surrounding dose. The increase in density of the repacking regolith can reduce the peripheral dose of the nuclear reactor. When the hole depth is 1.5 m and the repacking regolith with a relative density of 0.9, the annual dose value at the distance of 100 m from the nuclear reactor and the dose value on the lower surface of the Stirling alternator can meet the dose limit requirement.