Abstract: The quality of deuterium-deuterium (D₂) ice layer in inertial confinement fusion cryogenic targets plays a crucial role in the success of fusion experiments. At present, the methods reported in the literature for preparing D₂ ice layer in cryogenic target do not have good operability, and the technology and process are indeterminate, which restricts the formation of high-quality ice layer. Therefore, in this paper, the technology of the combination of temperature gradient, cooling rate and temperature shock ice was used, and on the basis of the control technology of residual ice, the controllable growth of high-quality ice layer was realized. Meanwhile, the effect of temperature control on the crystallization quality of D₂ fuel in target pellets and the crystal growth of process of D₂ fuel at cryogenic temperature were studied. The crystallization behavior of D₂ fuel was analyzed using the crystal growth morphodynanics theory. Analysis of the bright ring in the backlit shadow image shows that D₂ ice layer uniformity is 85.2%, the thickness is 40.35 μm, and the inner surface roughness is 2.15 μm. This method broadens the technology of the control of D₂ ice seed and crystal growth at cryogenic temperature, lays a solid foundation for DT layer, and forms a certain technical reserve.