Abstract: When the reactor coolant pump (RCP) was tested on test bench, the vibration amplitude was too large. The vibration exceeded the limit of specification. The frequency in spectrum of RCP vibration was mainly in low frequency range. The vibration characteristics of RCP were analyzed by finite element method. The cause of vibration from bearing and rotor was excluded by comparing the vibration characteristics and the spectrum. It was proposed that the whole test bench should be included in the vibration analysis of RCP. Considering RCP, test loop and test bench as a whole, the vibration characteristics were analyzed. By combining the data from knock test, it is concluded that the wide-band of pressure fluctuation in test loop excites the natural frequency of test bench. This conclusion was verified by low-speed operation test. On this basis modifications were proposed such as adding energy absorption damper, starting buffer tank in advance and adding vibration filter. The vibration of RCP was attenuated obviously after test restarting.