Abstract: Radioactive cesium pollution comes from the nuclear weapon tests, nuclear accidents and decommissioning of nuclear facilities. Cesium usually expresses complex environmental chemical process in soil, which threats human health and ecological environment security. Based on a detailed summary of the characteristics of clay minerals in soil, adsorption sites, site contents, mechanism of cesium and clay minerals, adsorption models and characterization techniques involved in the study of adsorption/desorption behavior of radioactive cesium in clay minerals were reviewed. Meanwhile, different adsorption models and characterization methods were compared and analyzed. Combined with the current research status of adsorption/desorption behavior, some suggestions were put forward for the future research about adsorption/desorption behavior of radioactive cesium in soils.