Abstract: A new type of neutron shielding composites with high temperature resistance, including epoxy resin, boron carbide (or boron nitride) and lead polyacrylate, was prepared by surface modification method. The preparation process and various performance indexes of the materials were studied. The neutron shielding properties of the materials were simulated by using the Monte Carlo code MCNP, and compared with the shielding material lead-boron-polythene reported. The experimental results show that the mechanical properties of the composites are good, and there is no obvious appearance change in the oven at 210 ℃ for 7 hours. The MCNP simulation results show that the neutron dose attenuation multiple and neutron flux attenuation multiple of the new material with a thickness of 4 cm from thermal neutron to 10 MeV neutrons are better than those of lead-boron-polythene. The measured and simulated data of shielding test of Am-Be neutron source show that their variation trend with the thickness of shielding material are almost the same, and the relative difference decreases with thickness increasing, which is only 1.34% at 10.5 cm.