Abstract: A new operating phantom was studied for obtaining the true distribution of the radiation field of the gamma irradiation facility and the dose field in the cargo container. An effective and usable simulated radiation field was constructed based on the parameter of the real gamma irradiation facility. The design method for the structure and padding of new operating phantom was proposed. The Monte Carlo method and random filling method (RCS) were adopted to simulate the distribution law of the main factor affecting the dosimetry parameters of the phantom body, such as the dosimeter sleeve material and wall thickness, filler ball size, hollow filler ball size and wall thickness, ball filling method, etc. Under the premise of satisfying the calculation confidence level, the optimization ranges of parameters are as follows: Aluminum tube with wall thickness of 3-5 mm is used as the sleeve, which interferes with the radiation field no more than 4.372 23%; Polypropylene sphere with outer diameter of 1-4 cm, wall thickness of 1.1-11.5 mm, cargo density simulating range of 0.1-0.5 g/cm³, and good material equivalence is selected as the phantom padding, which interferes with the radiation field no more than 9.998 44%; The interference level of the uniform and random filling modes on the radiation field is almost the same, and both are less than 10%. The results show that the current design is feasible and effective, with low investment, more parameters and wider range, and it is suitable for popularization and application.