Abstract: With the steady growth of nuclear power and the decommissioning of early nuclear facilities in China, a large number of different types of radioactive waste will be produced. How to deal with radioactive waste safely and effectively is the key problem of nuclear energy sustainable development. The research achievements of China Institute of Atomic Energy (CIAE) in the field of radioactive waste treatment technology research and development in recent decades were systematically summarized in this paper, the new technology of radioactive waste operation and treatment formed in CIAE was described, and the future development trend of radioactive waste in China was looked forward to.