Abstract: 2024 aluminum alloy （AA2024） is known as the representative material of Al-Cu-Mg aluminum alloy, which has generally applicated in aerospace field. Preferred orientation (texture) could profoundly affect the mechanical properties of the material. Neutron diffraction and EBSD were used in this study for the characterization of grain morphology and orientation on AA2024 sheets with different cold rolling deformation rates. Mechanical tests show that the yield strength along rolling direction remains optimization, while the 45° direction to rolling direction has the best elongating performance. Furthermore, analysis of 111 pole figures from neutron diffraction shows the consistency with the evolution of the mechanical properties. Research shows that neutron diffraction measurement can more accurately obtain macro distribution of grain orientation compared with EBSD, particularly while coarse grains obviously exist in the material. It can be concluded that neutron diffraction texture analysis can illustrate spatial distribution of grains, and the application of this method can effectively support the optimum of manufacturing process and improvement of service performance.