Abstract: The nuclear data of Th is primary interest for the thorium-uranium (Th-U) fuel cycle, and its nuclear data accuracy is related to the conversion performance of Th-U fuel cycle. Based on the photo-neutron source for the thorium molten salt reactor (TMSR-PNS), the total cross section (TCS) of ThO2 was measured by the transmission method for the high purity thorium oxide (ThO2) samples. ThO2 samples which the thicknesses were respectively 0.9 cm and 0.608 cm were made by pressing and sintering process at 1 800 ℃. Based on the different pulse shapes of neutrons and γ-rays (n/γ) signal from the lithium iodide (LiI) scintillator detector used for the time-of-flight (TOF) calculation, γ-rays were identified by pulse shape discrimination (PSD) method to reduce the interference of the measured cross section. Combined with the trough position of TOF spectrum and its corresponding energy for the calibration targets of Ag, In and Cd, the flight distance was fitted to be 5.899 m, so as to convert TOF spectrum of neutrons into energy spectrum. Energy spectrum of 10 cm thickness boracic polythene sample was measured to deduct the influence of the scattering neutron from the background. According to the measured neutron leakage spectrum with or without ThO2 sample, experimental data of TCS for ThO2 were obtained. TCS of 16O from ENDF/B-Ⅶ.1 was deducted from TCS of ThO2 and TCS of Th was obtained. Combined with error of the sample purity and thickness, the fitting flight distance, relative standard deviation of TCS for 16O from ENDF/B-Ⅶ.1, and experimental statistical error, the uncertainty of experimental data were calculeted to be 3.25%-4.51% in the energy range from 0.02 to 0.1 eV. The results show that the measured data of TCS of Th are good agreement with the evaluated data of ENDF/B-Ⅶ.1 in the energy range from 0.02 to 0.1 eV. In the thermal energy range (E<0.02 eV), thermal neutron scattering (TNS) effect of Th in ThO2, which is characterized by Bragg-edges, is evident and similar for U in UO2 in ENDF/B-Ⅶ.1.