Abstract: In this work, in order to further optimize the external environment radiation shielding technology of the cryogenic target, through the combination of numerical simulation and experiment, the effect of external environmental radiation on the temperature field distribution of the target and ice layer was studied. Considering the influence of the transmittance of the laser entrance hole (LEH) film on the temperature field distribution of the target and ice layer in the column cavity, the temperature field of a target type in the column cavity was simulated and calculated using COMSOL software. The research results show that the temperature field distribution on the surface of the target is bipolar hot and equatorially cold under the influence of external radiation. Within a certain range, the greater the transmittance of the LEH film, the greater the temperature difference between the outer surface of the target and the inner surface of the ice. When the cylindrical cavity is irradiated with 300 K and the LEH film is pure PI film, the maximum temperature difference on the outer surface of the target pellet is about 20 mK. When the transmittance of the LEH film is less than 1%, the maximum temperature difference of the inner surface of the ice layer is less than 0.1 mK, which can meet the requirements of the ice layering and maintenance. In the experiment, by plating aluminum layers with different thicknesses on the LEH films, the transmittance of the LEH film was adjusted. When the cylindrical cavity was irradiated with 300 K and the LEH film is pure PI film, the deuterium vapor pressure at high temperature is higher than that at low temperature. Therefore, the high pressure deuterium vapor migrates to the low pressure deuterium vapor area, which is finally reflected in the macroscopic view that, within 300 s, the temperature difference drives the ice layer to migrate from two poles to the equator. When the thickness of the aluminum layer on the LEH film was 35 nm, the deuterium layering experiment was carried out. The experimental results show that when the thickness of the aluminum coating on the LEH film is 35 nm, the retention ability of ice layer is greatly improved. The ice layer can be maintained for more than 50 minutes without significant changes. From the X-ray phase contrast pictures, the thickness uniformity of the ice layer is about 80.2%, the roughness is about 1.65 μm, and the average thickness is about 50.5 μm. Through this work, an important foundation is laid for the preparation of high-quality fuel ice layer for the cylindrical cryogenic target and the improvement of physical experiment performance of the inertial confinement fusion.