Abstract: Sodium aerosol is a characteristic product produced when sodium fire occurs in the sodium cold reactor, and the sodium aerosol should be removed and purified by dust removal system to reduce the radioactive dose and total amount of sodium aerosol discharged into the environment. In the past, the dust removal method used is water bath dust removal, but this method has the disadvantages of low dust removal efficiency of single-stage removal unit, which needs to be used in series, and it increases the complexity and control difficulty of the system. In this study, a set of cyclone group sodium aerosol removal system was designed using dry air-solid separation route, which uses PV-type high-efficiency cyclone separator and filter combination, and combines the characteristics of sodium fire aerosol removal conditions to make appropriate improvements. In order to verify the effect of the removal system on sodium aerosol removal in real sodium fire conditions, an experimental device was established. Using the experimental device, a 10 kg sodium combustion test was carried out, and the main parameters such as change of sodium aerosol concentration, particle size distribution, pressure drop, and removal efficiency were investigated when the sodium aerosol in the air was purified by the above removal system. The experimental results show that the sodium aerosol removal system combined with the filter has a good removal function for the sodium aerosol produced under the real sodium burning condition, the total removal efficiency of the prototype removal system is greater than 99.5%, and the cyclone separator in the prototype removal system has good removal function for the larger particles of sodium aerosol. In addition, the system pressure drop measured in the test can provide the basis for fan selection in the engineering application stage.