旋压过程对马氏体时效钢组织性能的影响研究

Study on Influence of Spinning Process on Microstructure and Mechanical Property of Maraging Steel

  • 摘要: 某柔性连接件由马氏体时效钢管材经旋压、固溶、时效等工序加工而成。在其加工过程中存在材料易开裂、成品件材料延伸率低等问题。为解决上述问题,从各工序间的马氏体时效钢管坯上取样,通过金相分析、拉伸性能测试、硬度检测等表征,对旋压过程中组织和性能的变化规律进行分析。结果表明,成品件延伸率过低主要是由于旋压引起的形变强化造成的,多道次强力旋压会使马氏体时效钢晶粒破碎、位错密度和残余应力增加,导致成品延伸率仅为1%左右。通过优化工艺路线,可成功降低材料开裂率并将成品件延伸率提升至3%以上。

     

    Abstract: Maraging steel (18Ni350) has excellent properties, it maintains high toughness under high strength and has strong machinability. Therefore, it is selected as the special equipment flexible connector material. The flexible connectors are made by maraging steel tubes through spinning process, solution, aging and other treatments. Spinning, as a cold deformation method, can effectively improve the utilization rate of materials. However, there are some problems such as material cracking, low elongation of finished products during the flexible connector forming process. These problems will directly affect the development process and operation of special equipment. In order to find the reason for the low elongation of products, optimize the processing route the current forming processing of flexible connectors was carried out. Samples were taken from the maraging steel tube between each process. The microstructure and properties were characterized by means of metallographic observation, tensile property test, hardness test, residual stress test and so on. The changes of the structure and properties during the spinning process were studied and analyzed. The results show that the spinning process causes the lath martensite grains to be elongated and broken, resulting in a microstructure elongated in the direction of material flow. The spinning process can obviously improve the strength of the material, but at the same time reduce the plasticity significantly. Compared with the initial state, after four passes of spinning, the tensile strength increases by 27.1%, and the elongation decreases by 55.6%. The low elongation of products is mainly caused by the deformation strengthening of spinning. Multi-pass spinning will cause the grains break, the dislocation density and residual stress of maraging steel increase, which resulting in the elongation of the products is only about 1%. After spinning, the residual stress accumulates in the material, which has an adverse effect on the subsequent deformation processing. Due to the influence of spinning processing, the microstructure refinement of the spined martensitic aging steel can be realized by solution treatment. The effect of work hardening and residual stress caused by spinning deformation can also be eliminated by solution treatment. After solution treatment, elongation and residual stress increase, tensile strength and surface hardness decrease. The microstructure after solution treatment is more suitable for subsequent plastic processing. By optimizing the process, the cracking rate of flexible connectors can decrease successfully and the elongation can increase to more than 3%.

     

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