异构系统三维高保真堆芯中子输运计算程序ALPHA研发进展

Progress in Development of High-fidelity 3D Neutron Transport Calculation Code for Reactor Core Based on Heterogeneous Architecture

  • 摘要: ALPHA是哈尔滨工程大学核动力仿真研究中心研发的基于异构系统的三维高保真堆芯中子输运计算程序。ALPHA程序基于性能优化的二维特征线装载图形处理单元(GPU)并行计算核心,基于MPI+CUDA混合编程模型实现粗细粒度的异构系统多节点并行并应用通信掩盖优化。ALPHA的共振计算模型采用原创的细群子群二级离散策略并采用多群求解核心适配异构系统。ALPHA采用MOCEX实现三维全堆芯中子输运异构并行计算及GPU并行的粗网有限差分加速。数值结果表明,ALPHA程序在保证计算精度的前提下,具备较高的并行效率和一定的可扩展性,有望实现数值反应堆中中子学计算的轻量化与工程化应用。

     

    Abstract: To realize the practical application of the numerical reactor technology on the cutting-edge supercomputer with heterogeneous architecture, or the desktop workstation with consumer graphics cards, advanced lattice physics code based on heterogeneous architecture (ALPHA) was developed by the research center of nuclear power simulation at Harbin Engineering University as the highfidelity 3D neutron transport calculation code for reactor core based on heterogeneous architecture. Firstly, a massively parallel 2D method of characteristics (MOC) algorithm on GPU was proposed in ALPHA. Three parallel schemes were studied based on the ray parallelization in MOC solution method, and the performance optimization of MOCs GPU parallel computing kernel was performed. Numerical results demonstrate that the GPUbased 2D MOC parallel algorithm shows comparative accuracy compared with the other similar codes. The GPU shows powerful computing capacity especially with single precision operation, and the 1080Ti GPU achieves 100× speedup compared with the runtime on a single core of i9-7900 CPU. Secondly, the 2D MOC heterogeneous parallel algorithm which employs the MPI+CUDA programming model was proposed and implemented on CPUs/GPUs heterogeneous system. In this algorithm, the spatial domain decomposition technique provides the coarsegrained parallelism with the MPI protocol, while the finegrained parallelism was exploited through ray parallelization on GPU with CUDA environment. The strong scaling efficiency can be improved by overlapping the MPI communication with computation and applying the asynchronous datacopy between GPU and CPU. Thirdly, the resonance calculation model of ALPHA adopts the fine groupsubgroup secondary discrete strategy to treat the complex overlapping selfshielding effect and uses multigroup kernel to accelerate the performance of resonance treatment on GPU systems. Finally, 3D MOCEX heterogeneous parallel algorithm for neutron transport calculation on the CPUs/GPUs heterogeneous system was proposed, and the whole-core high-fidelity neutron transport calculation was performed high-efficiently and stably with the GPU-accelerated CMFD formulation. Numerical results show that the ALPHA has excellent parallel efficiency and scalable performance in the premise of ensuring the calculation accuracy, which is expected to achieve the lightweight and engineering application of neutronics calculation in numerical reactors.

     

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