Abstract: A combined method of scale-down test and numerical simulation was used to study the impact damage mode of reinforced concrete structure with high ratio in nuclear power plant under high-speed impact. The typical damage mode (penetration damage mode, scabbing damage mode, just penetration damage mode, perforation damage mode) and the typical test experimental rules of penetration depth, and just penetration velocity under impact load were obtained through systematic reinforced concrete target slab impact test. Through numerical simulation research, a series of high-precision numerical simulation methods for nuclear power plant reinforced concrete structure under the impact of projectile were obtained. The research result has important guiding significance for the anti-aircraft impact protection of nuclear power plant, and even the anti-impact protection of other civil facilities.