矩形窄缝通道内再淹没过程骤冷温度研究

Experimental Investigation on Quench Temperature in Narrow Rectangular Channel during Reflooding

  • 摘要: 反应堆失水事故后,堆芯再淹没过程是维持燃料元件完整性以及缓解事故严重程度的重要手段之一。骤冷温度是再淹没过程关键参数,对了解再淹没过程先驱冷却与骤冷过程有着重要意义。本文基于双面加热的矩形窄缝通道试验装置,研究了矩形窄缝通道内再淹没过程,探究了初始壁面温度、加热功率、冷却剂流速、冷却剂过冷度、压力等对骤冷温度的影响,并通过量纲分析手段,提出了矩形窄缝通道内骤冷温度预测模型。结果表明,骤冷温度随初始壁面温度、加热功率、压力的升高而升高,与冷却剂流速与入口过冷度相关性较小,提出的骤冷温度预测模型预测效果良好。

     

    Abstract: Reflood process plays an important role in protecting fuel rods from damage and mitigating consequence during loss of coolant accident (LOCA). During the reflood process, the wall temperature drops rapidly, quenching occurs and the heat transfer mechanism changes from film boiling to transition boiling or nucleate boiling after the coolant contacts with the cladding wall. Quench temperature is the main indicator of quenching and the key parameter of the reflood process, which is of great significance to understand the precursory cooling and rapid cooling. Reflooding processes were studied based on doubleside electric heating experimental device, which had a narrow rectangular flow channel in the middle and heating plates on both sides. The size of the rectangular channel was about 2 mm×70 mm×1 000 mm. The initial state was established through the steam circuit including steam boiler, steam preheater, pressure buffer, etc. So that the experimental device was filled with steam. Then heating the experimental device with electricity was started. Until the wall temperature reached the specified value, the cooling water was injected with a certain coolant temperature into the experimental device through the water circuit to simulate the reflood process. The water circuit includes water tank, pump, preheater, flow meter, etc. The outer wall temperature was obtained by means of thermocouples on the heating plates, and then the inner wall temperature was obtained by the reverse thermal conductivity numerical calculation method. Finally the quench temperature was got using double tangent method based on the inner wall temperature. The influence of some thermal parameters on quench temperature were studied including initial wall temperatures, generated power, inlet mass flow flux, inlet coolant temperature and pressure. The results show that the quench temperature is positively correlated with the initial wall temperatures, generated power and pressure,but has no obvious correlation with the inlet mass flow flux and inlet coolant temperature possibly due to doublesided effects. By means of dimensional analysis, 7 dimensionless numbers were obtained and then 5 of them were selected for fitting to get the prediction model of the quenching temperature in the rectangular narrow channel. The applicable working conditions of the prediction model are as follows: pressure 0.10.8 MPa, inlet mass flow flux 230 cm/s, inlet coolant subcooling 2080 ℃, initial wall temperature 400600 ℃, generated power 1.22.4 W/cm2. The results show that 95% of the data is within the ±20% error band of the prediction model.

     

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