补水箱内的直接接触冷凝模型研究

Research on Direct Contact Condensation Model in Core Make-up Tank

  • 摘要: 补水箱是核反应堆安全系统中的重要设备。事故工况下补水箱内可发生剧烈的直接接触冷凝过程,导致补水箱内压力的迅速降低乃至振荡,影响补水箱的安全注入功能。为提高对补水箱安注行为预测的准确性,本文基于射流速度分布理论和假想管嘴分析方法,考虑液相的温度分层对传热温差的影响,结合补水箱内直接接触冷凝的一般过程,建立了针对性的冷凝传热计算方法。利用该模型对现有实验数据进行了预测,符合良好,初步验证了模型的有效性。相关研究有助于提高补水箱安注过程和相关事故安全分析的准确性。

     

    Abstract: Core make-up tank is a vital component of the reactor safety system. Under accident conditions, dramatic direct contact condensation may occur in the core make-up tank, causing pressure decrease or oscillation, which would be harmful to its safety injection function. To enhance the prediction accuracy of the process, it is necessary to build a special model to calculate the direct contact condensation phenomenon in the core make-up tank, since in the core make-up tank the steam would go through a steam space before it reaches the liquid surface, which is quite different from the mostly studied conditions, where a pipe is often used to guide the steam to the water. In this paper, the jet flow velocity distribution theory was first employed to estimate parameters like the steam velocity profile and the maximum steam velocity at the interface, and then the hypothesis nozzle analysis method was utilized to get the hypothesis nozzle diameter, the effective velocity, the steam penetration length, the effective steam condensation fraction of the jet flow region, etc. Besides, to properly evaluate the heat transfer temperature difference, based on the conversation of energy, a multi-layer model was used to take the temperature stratification effects into account, and the whole liquid region was further divided into two layers, the hot layer and the cold layer. In this way the heat transfer temperature difference was corrected. Considering the effective steam condensation fraction of the jet flow region and natural circulation region near the water surface, a specific condensation heat transfer model was established based on the interface transport model for the jet flow region and the McAdams correlation for natural circulation region. With the help of the effective steam condensation fraction of the jet flow region, the new model could be used to predict the interface heat transfer of liquid and steam during the whole process of core make-up tank safety injection, including the complete condensation period, the partial condensation period and the natural circulation period. Several sets of transient data from two different experiment systems were used to test the new model, with the core make-up tank initial temperature ranges from 21 to 61 ℃, and steam generator pressure from 0.15 to 8.7 MPa. It is found that the experimental data could be well predicted, and a clear improvement compared to the origin model of Relap5 can be observed, which preliminarily demonstrates the validation of the model. This research may be helpful for the accurate prediction of core make-up tank safety injection process and the safety analysis of related accidents.

     

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