S波段直线加速器数字低电平系统研制

Development of Digital Low-level RF System of S-band Linac

  • 摘要: S波段直线加速器在国内外加速器实验室,包括合肥光源都有广泛的应用,低电平系统作为直线加速器微波系统的重要组成部分,对束流的稳定性有重要影响,基于此本文研制了S波段直线加速器数字低电平系统。从系统架构和硬件设计、控制算法和软件设计、性能测试3个方面对自研数字低电平系统进行了介绍。自研低电平系统包括信号源、频率综合系统和中频信号处理器。信号源和频率综合系统实现了多路低相噪信号输出;自研低电平中频信号处理器采用国产芯片,并增加了ST光口触发以及SFP通信等功能,提高了系统抗干扰和数据传输能力。系统采用IQ正交解调及Cordic幅度相位转换等算法,用于PI闭环控制,并基于EPICS开发了相关控制软件和人机界面。离线实验表明,自研低电平系统的短期幅度稳定度优于0.01%,短期相位稳定度优于0.01°;在线束流实验显示,加速腔内的闭环相位稳定度在0.1°左右;自研低电平系统部分替换了合肥光源用户装置直线注入器的进口低电平系统,作为在线设备,实现了长期稳定运行。

     

    Abstract: The S-band linac is widely used in accelerator laboratories at home and abroad, including Hefei Light Source. The low-level RF system is used to monitor and control the solid state amplifier, klystron and cavities, etc., which has an important influence on the beam current stability as a part of the microwave system of linac. To meet the high acquirement of the quality of beam, the S-band digital low-level RF system was developed. The self-developed digital low-level RF system was introduced in this paper from three aspects: system architecture and hardware design, control algorithms and software design and performance test. The self-developed low-level RF system includes signal source, frequency synthesis system and IF signal processor. The signal source produces a signal with a frequency of 2 856 MHz and a phase noise of 18.05 fs. And the frequency synthesizer system generates LO signal (2 829.56 MHz) for frequency conversion and CLK signal (105.76 MHz) for digital signal processor. They realize multi-channel low phase noise signal outputs. The self-developed low-level IF signal processor adopts domestic chip, and adds ST optical port and SFP to improve the anti-interference and data transmission ability of the system. It consists of three modules, including RF module, digital module and control module. The RF module converts the RF signal from 2 856 MHz to 26.44 MHz and sends it to the digital module. The digital module finishes analog/digital conversion and the calculation of the digital signal. The control module is the communication interface between digital signal processor and center control system. The system uses IQ orthogonal demodulation and Cordic algorithm to achieve the amplitude and phase of the microwave system used for PI closed-loop control. The related control software was developed based on EPICS, and the manmachine interface was designed. The operator interface was developed based on phoebus and it realizes waveform display (raw data, IQ and amplitude and phase), parameter setting (attenuation value, feedback parameters and feedforward table parameters) and operation status monitoring. The off-line experiments show that the short-term amplitude stability of the self-developed low-level RF system is better than 0.01%, and the short-term phase stability is better than 0.01°. The on-line beam experiments show that the closed-loop phase stability in the cavity is about 0.1°. The self-developed low-level system partially replaces the imported low-level system of linear injector of Hefei Light Source user device and it realizes long-term stable operation.

     

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