燃料组件下管座增材制造技术研究
Research on Additive Manufacturing Technology for Bottom Nozzle of Fuel Assembly
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摘要: 由于增材制造技术在提高效率、减小重量、降低体积等方面突出的优势，在核燃料领域得到越来越多研究者的关注。基于增材制造的产品制备与传统工艺存在较大的区别，目前针对核燃料产品的增材制造技术研究系统性有所不足。本文以燃料组件下管座为对象，系统开展了从粉末制备到产品性能检测的增材制造全流程工艺研究：粉末制备采用真空感应熔炼雾化法，增材工艺选用激光选区熔化（SLM）工艺，通过软件开展支撑方案等详细工艺分析，通过固溶热处理和表面处理得到最终下管座产品。对产品性能的测试表明，产品尺寸精度和表面粗糙度良好，流道内壁面的粗糙度略大于流道外壁面；打印材料力学性能较好，x/y方向的强度要高于z方向。Abstract: Because of the outstanding advantages of additive manufacturing technology in improving efficiency, reducing weight and volume, more and more researchers have paid attention to it in the field of nuclear fuel assembly. The United States, France, and other countries have performed additive manufacturing technology research on multiple components such as the bottom nozzle, grid, and thimble plug assembly of nuclear fuel assemblies. The Westinghouse took the lead in achieving the application of 3D printing thimble plug assembly into commercial reactors in 2020. The product preparation based on additive manufacturing is quite different from the traditional process. At present, the research on additive manufacturing technology for nuclear fuel products is not so systematic, focusing on process experimentation and the material properties. In this paper, the whole process of additive manufacturing from powder preparation to product performance testing was systematically carried out with the bottom nozzle of fuel assembly as the object, and the powder was prepared by vacuum induction melting and atomization. The characteristic of this method is that the process is stable, the cost is low, and it is suitable for commonly used printing materials with low unit prices, such as stainless steel, aluminum alloy, cobalt alloy, etc. By strictly controlling the composition, structure and process flow of the powder raw materials, the obtained powder chemical composition meets relevant requirements. The selective laser melting (SLM) process is selected as the additive manufacturing process. The forming process does not require molds and is not limited by the complexity of the part structure. The components obtained have high density, high precision, and achieve metallurgical bonding. Detail process analysis such as support scheme was carried out through ANSYS additive software, and the final bottom nozzle product was obtained through solution heat treatment and surface treatment. The test of product performance shows that, the final product has good dimensional accuracy and surface roughness. The overall dimensions, guide tube aperture, and other dimensions meet the requirements of the design drawings. However, the roughness of the inner surface which the coolant flow through is slightly greater than that of the outer surface of the bottom nozzle. The mechanical properties of materials are quite well, and the strength in x/y direction is higher than that in z direction. The full process for bottom nozzle using 3D printing only took 14 days, which effectively saves the development cycle compared to traditional processes. The research can be applied to the additive manufacturing of fuel assembly bottom nozzle, and can also provide reference for other products.
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Keywords:
- additive manufacturing ,
- bottom nozzle ,
- selective laser melting ,
- support ,
- solution heat treatment
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