Abstract: Nuclear energy is a safe, economical and efficient clean low-carbon energy. The safety and scale development of nuclear energy is of great significance for optimizing energy structure and promoting green and low-carbon development. It is also a strong support for China to achieve the goal of carbon peak and carbon neutralization. The large-scale and sustainable development of nuclear energy faces two major challenges: the supply of uranium resources and the treatment and disposal of radioactive waste. In order to maximize the utilization of natural uranium resources, reduce the total amount of long-lived waste and achieve long-term sustainable development of nuclear fission energy, Fast reactor and its advanced closed nuclear fuel cycle are the preferred technical route. Based on the current development pattern and future development prospect of nuclear power in China, this paper draws the advanced nuclear energy development scenario of PWR and fast reactor.