单液滴形成液膜过程研究

Process of Liquid Film Formation from Single Droplet

  • 摘要: 液滴碰壁形成液膜的过程在能源、航天、化工等领域都很常见,其中核能领域的汽水分离设备中有广泛的液滴壁面形成液膜的现象,但目前对液膜的研究相对较少,且缺少对于液滴碰壁形成液膜的机理研究。本文提出一种根据欧拉壁面液膜模型来计算液滴碰壁形成液膜的方法,介绍了液滴形成液膜的计算公式和定义,验证了欧拉壁面液膜模型应用于液膜计算的准确性。最后将方法应用于实际AP1000条件下的液膜计算,分析了不同尺寸的液滴在壁面形成液膜的动态过程,为汽水分离等装置中的壁面液膜计算提供有效的分析工具。研究结果表明,在固定质量流量条件下,随着液滴直径的减小,液膜厚度和液膜速度均会增大。

     

    Abstract: The process of droplet-wall collision forming a liquid film is commonly observed in various fields, including energy, aerospace, and chemical engineering. This phenomenon is particularly prevalent in the nuclear energy sector, where steam-water separation equipment often sees extensive droplet-wall interactions leading to the formation of liquid films. Despite its significance, research on liquid films remains relatively scarce, particularly in terms of understanding the mechanisms behind droplet-wall collision and subsequent film formation. Previous studies have employed both experimental and simulation methods to explore this phenomenon. However, experimental approaches are often constrained by factors such as material properties and temperature, limiting their applicability. Moreover, microscopic numerical methods for studying liquid films are generally inefficient and struggle to provide quantitative analysis of film velocity and thickness. In this paper, a method for calculating the formation of liquid films from droplet-wall collisions based on the Eulerian wall liquid film model was proposed. The calculation formulas and definitions for liquid film formation from droplets of varying sizes were introduced, and the accuracy of applying the Eulerian wall liquid film model to these calculations was validated. The method was subsequently applied to practical AP1000 conditions to analyze the dynamic process of liquid film formation from droplets of different sizes on surfaces. This includes the evolution of a single droplet on a surface, the evolution after multiple droplets collide with the surface, and the evolution following continuous droplet impacts. The study provides an effective analytical tool for calculating wall liquid films in devices such as steam-water separators. The relative error between the liquid film thickness obtained from simulations using the Eulerian wall liquid film model and the actual liquid film thickness is within 8%, validating the method’s accuracy. Additionally, when the mass flow rate of droplets at the injection node is low, the droplets are directly spread out by the airflow to form a liquid film. Conversely, if the mass flow rate of droplets at the injection node increases, the top of the droplet is initially lifted by the airflow and subsequently spread out to form a liquid film. Maintaining a constant liquid mass flow rate and gas flow velocity, it is observed that larger diameter droplets form thinner liquid films with greater film width upon impact with the wall. Increasing the gas flow velocity results in a reduction in liquid film thickness and an increase in film velocity, while the film width remains primarily proportional to the droplet diameter. Overall, this research enhances the understanding of the droplet-wall collision process and liquid film formation, offering a robust computational tool for designing and optimizing steam-water separation systems and other similar applications across various industries.

     

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