用TDCR液闪仪绝对测量纯β核素活度的简便方法

Simple Method for Absolute Measurement of Pure β-emitters Using TDCR Liquid Scintillation Counter

  • 摘要: 专业计量实验室用TDCR(三双符合比)液闪仪绝对测量纯β核素活度的方法不便于推广至普通放化实验室。为了便于普通放化实验室利用商用TDCR液闪仪绝对测量纯β核素活度,本文采用TDCR07c软件对11种常见纯β核素的TDCR、计数效率、自由参数等变量之间的关系进行了计算,并考察了闪烁液物性的影响。同时通过实验确定了常见纯β核素低淬灭液闪样品的TDCR值。结合计算结果、文献数据和实验结果可得:对于14C、147Pm、33P、99Tc、90Sr、89Sr、32P、90Y等核素,容易配制低淬灭液闪样品使其TDCR与计数效率相等,从而得到样品活度;对于3H、241Pu、63Ni等核素,通过对系列淬灭样品的TDCR和计数率进行局部线性拟合,可得到样品活度。上述方法用于普通放化实验室绝对测量纯β核素活度的相对误差小于2%。

     

    Abstract: TDCR (triple to double coincidence ratio) liquid scintillation technology is used widely in professional metrology laboratories for absolute measurement of the radioactivities of pure β-emitters. It is reported that the typical combined uncertainty is less than 1%, but the process of obtaining the radioactivity is somewhat complicated for ordinary radiochemical laboratories where combined uncertainty up to 2% is acceptable. Therefore, it is necessary to make TDCR technology more easily for the absolute measurement of the radioactivity of pure β-emitters using a commercial TDCR liquid scintillation counter. The software TDCR07c was adopted to study the relationships among variables such as TDCR, counting efficiency εD, and free parameter λ for 11 common pure β-emitters. Meanwhile, the effect of cocktail property parameters on TDCR and εD was also studied. Five samples, including two unquenched standards of 3H or 14C, and three samples of 99Tc, 90Sr, or 90Y at low quench level, were measured to check the TDCR values for common pure β-emitters. Based on the results from TDCR07c, the literature data, and the experimental results, it is suggested that different strategies should be developed for determining the radioactivities of different nuclides. For nuclides such as 89Sr, 32P, and 90Y, it is easy to prepare low quenched samples with TDCR>0.98 where the TDCR-εD curve overlaps the diagonal y=x, and the radioactivities can be directly calculated based on εD=TDCR. For nuclides such as 14C, 147Pm, 33P, 99Tc, and 90Sr, it is easy to prepare low quenched samples with TDCR>0.94 where the TDCR-εD curve overlaps the diagonal y=x, and the radioactivities can be directly calculated based on εD=TDCR. For nuclides such as 3H, 241Pu, and 63Ni, extrapolation is required for obtaining the radioactivity from the count rate (CR). Three models, i.e. the linear model, the five-order polynomial model, and a special function model from literature, were tested to fit the data of TDCR-εD or TDCR-CR, and the linear model is shown to be the best one. In this case, a series of quenched samples were prepared with the TDCR of 3H, 241Pu, and 63Ni greater than 0.4, 0.2, and 0.3, respectively. Then the TDCR-CR data were fitted with linear model, and the fitted line to the CR of TDCR=1 was extrapolated, which is the radioactivity of the sample. The above method is applicable for absolute measurement of the radioactivities of pure β-emitters in ordinary radiochemical laboratories, with the relative error less than 2%.

     

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