Abstract:
TDCR (triple to double coincidence ratio) liquid scintillation technology is used widely in professional metrology laboratories for absolute measurement of the radioactivities of pure β-emitters. It is reported that the typical combined uncertainty is less than 1%, but the process of obtaining the radioactivity is somewhat complicated for ordinary radiochemical laboratories where combined uncertainty up to 2% is acceptable. Therefore, it is necessary to make TDCR technology more easily for the absolute measurement of the radioactivity of pure β-emitters using a commercial TDCR liquid scintillation counter. The software TDCR07c was adopted to study the relationships among variables such as TDCR, counting efficiency
εD, and free parameter
λ for 11 common pure β-emitters. Meanwhile, the effect of cocktail property parameters on TDCR and
εD was also studied. Five samples, including two unquenched standards of
3H or
14C, and three samples of
99Tc,
90Sr, or
90Y at low quench level, were measured to check the TDCR values for common pure β-emitters. Based on the results from TDCR07c, the literature data, and the experimental results, it is suggested that different strategies should be developed for determining the radioactivities of different nuclides. For nuclides such as
89Sr,
32P, and
90Y, it is easy to prepare low quenched samples with TDCR>0.98 where the TDCR-
εD curve overlaps the diagonal
y=
x, and the radioactivities can be directly calculated based on
εD=TDCR. For nuclides such as
14C,
147Pm,
33P,
99Tc, and
90Sr, it is easy to prepare low quenched samples with TDCR>0.94 where the TDCR-
εD curve overlaps the diagonal
y=
x, and the radioactivities can be directly calculated based on
εD=TDCR. For nuclides such as
3H,
241Pu, and
63Ni, extrapolation is required for obtaining the radioactivity from the count rate (CR). Three models, i.e. the linear model, the five-order polynomial model, and a special function model from literature, were tested to fit the data of TDCR-
εD or TDCR-CR, and the linear model is shown to be the best one. In this case, a series of quenched samples were prepared with the TDCR of
3H,
241Pu, and
63Ni greater than 0.4, 0.2, and 0.3, respectively. Then the TDCR-CR data were fitted with linear model, and the fitted line to the CR of TDCR=1 was extrapolated, which is the radioactivity of the sample. The above method is applicable for absolute measurement of the radioactivities of pure β-emitters in ordinary radiochemical laboratories, with the relative error less than 2%.