模拟高放氯化物废盐渣玻璃陶瓷固化体稳定性研究

Stability of Glass-ceramic Solidified Body of High Level Chloride Salts from Pyro-reprocessing of Spent Nuclear Fuels

  • 摘要: 乏燃料干法后处理过程会产生含锶、铯、稀土的高放氯化物废盐渣,为了防止放射性物质污染及扩散,需对其进行妥善的固化处理。玻璃陶瓷复合固化技术结合了方钠石陶瓷相对氯的包容能力,并加入玻璃相黏结剂促进陶瓷相成形及包容其他相关核素,从而达到复合固化的目的。本文针对氯方钠石陶瓷相-硼硅酸盐玻璃复合固化的技术路线,制备了含氯废盐-方钠石基玻璃陶瓷固化体,并通过MCC-1测试(浸出率测试)、电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP-MS)、X射线衍射(XRD)、背散射电子扫描电镜(BSE)、能谱分析(EDX)等测试手段对其化学稳定性与热稳定性进行了研究。根据MCC-1测试结果,固化体的化学稳定性良好,浸泡28 d后,Si、B、Na、Cs、Nd、Al的归一化浸出率均处于较低水平(小于1 g/(m2·d))。根据固化体在850、900、950、1 000 ℃几种不同温度保温处理后的结构及微观形貌变化,判断固化体的热稳定性良好。

     

    Abstract: In comparison with spent fuels from pressurized water reactors, spent fuels from fast breeder reactors contain much more transuranic elements and fission products, and hence are of much higher radioactivity. This makes the traditional wet reprocessing method by solvent extraction difficult and as a result the pyro-reprocessing method by molten salts was developed. In this case, high level waste salts will be produced instead of high level liquid waste. In order to protect human beings and the environment from the danger caused by the highly water-soluble salts, proper solidification measures must be taken prior to the final geological disposal. When mixed alkali chloride salts are chosen in the pyro-reprocessing process, chlorine-containing waste salts will generated with high contents of alkalis, strontium and rare earths. One promising way to solidify this type of salt waste is the glass-ceramic composite method, in which the chlorides are converted to stable ceramic phases and bound with glass binders. This technology combines the advantages of higher chlorine-containing ability of ceramic and lower sintering temperature with glass. Based on the previous studies in ceramic formulations, sintering arts and development of glass binders, MCC-1 leaching test was carried out to investigate the chemical and thermal stability of prepared glass-ceramic composite. MCC-1 results show that the normalized leaching rates of Si, B, Na, Cs, Nd, and Al of the samples after 28 days of leaching test are all at a low level (0.382 g/(m2·d) for Si, 0.537 g/(m2·d) for B, 0.305 g/(m2·d) for Na, 0.587 g/(m2·d) for Cs, 0.004 g/(m2·d) for Nd, 0.282 g/(m2·d) for Al). Meanwhile, SEM images show that, after 28 days of leaching, the surface of samples is eroded, with slight changes in the regularity of the surficial shape. The prepared glass-ceramic samples were also heat treated at different temperatures (850, 900, 950 and 1 000 ℃) for 24 h. After the heat treatment, although the microscopic morphology and structure changes are not obvious, the production of Cl-sodalite is changed, with the highest production rate occurring at 850 ℃. The pores within samples reduced and the sample structure becomes denser at 950 ℃/1 000 ℃. It is founded that 850 ℃/900 ℃ are more helpful to improve the homogeneity of samples and the even distribution of chlorosiderite and glass phases. In summary, the prepared glass-bound Cl-sodalite samples are of good chemical and thermal stability.

     

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