Abstract: The Stirling thermoelectric conversion transducer has attracted much attention due to its high efficiency, low emissions, and low noise. As a closed-cycle heat engine with the same ideal efficiency as the Carnot cycle and extremely high thermoelectric conversion efficiency, it is an external combustion engine. Its unique working principle gives it significant advantages in space nuclear power systems and shows great potential in deep space exploration missions, thus becoming an important topic for scholars today. This paper aims to study the performance and working characteristics of a small double-ended opposed Stirling thermoelectric conversion transducer, providing important references and support for its further optimization design and engineering applications. Based on the importance of space energy demand strategy, a test bench for a double-ended opposed Stirling thermoelectric conversion transducer was designed and built. An ideal adiabatic analysis model was established, and the Runge-Kutta method was used to iteratively solve the differential equations to calculate the work done in one cycle. The chamber volumes of the compression and expansion chambers, the mass flow rates in the compression chamber and the cooler, the chamber temperatures of the expansion chamber, the cooler and the heater, and the change relationship of the internal pressure of the thermoelectric conversion transducer in one operating cycle were obtained. In the experimental part, various working condition experiments were carried out to explore the influence of various parameters on the output performance, vibration characteristics and multi-machine cooperative operation characteristics of the thermoelectric conversion transducer. The preliminary experiments show that when the load resistance is in the range of 75-150 Ω and the heating power is constant, the smaller the load resistance value, the higher the efficiency of the thermoelectric conversion transducer. The smaller the initial resistance, the higher the onset temperature, and the cessation temperatures are not much different. When other conditions are the same, the efficiency of the thermoelectric conversion transducer in the low pressure state is lower than that in the normal pressure state, the onset temperature is higher, and the cessation temperature is much higher than the ideal cessation temperature range. By comparing the calculated values of the theoretical model program and the experimental data, it is found that the relative error of the output power and the operating efficiency of the higher the efficiency of the thermoelectric conversion transducer is up to 18%. Within the allowable error range, the accuracy of the theoretical model is verified. The conclusions about the performance and working characteristics of the small double-ended opposed Stirling thermoelectric conversion transducer are drawn, which provides important references and support for the further optimization design and engineering applications of the small double-ended opposed Stirling thermoelectric conversion transducer.