基于隐式核热耦合和三维压力容器的压水堆典型事故分析

Analysis of Typical Accident in Pressurized Water Reactor Based on Implicit Neutronics/Thermal-hydraulics Coupling Code and Three-dimensional Pressure Vessel Model

  • 摘要: 传统的基于系统分析程序的压水堆事故分析往往采用点堆模型和一维热工水力模型对堆芯和压力容器(RPV)进行建模。点堆模型忽略了堆芯功率的空间变化,无法对瞬态期间堆芯内的局部功率畸变进行描述。而冷却剂在RPV的一维简化建模则无法对事故期间来自不同环路的冷却剂在下降段和下腔室内的扩散和混合进行较为精确的模拟。本文以系统分析程序NUSOL-SYS为基础,采用Picard迭代将该程序与三维中子动力学程序进行隐式耦合,并通过NEACRP基准题进行验证。通过两个单组件瞬态工况将Picard迭代与常用的算子分离法进行了对比计算,结果表明Picard迭代相较于传统的算子分离法具有更高的精度,在相同精度下能够使用较大的时间步长。最后以CPR1000型核电站为参考电站,对其RPV进行全三维的精细化建模,并将其用于压水堆典型的主蒸汽管道破裂事故瞬态分析。计算结果表明,相较于一维RPV,基于三维RPV模型计算出的功率再次升高时的全局和局部功率峰值都更大。敏感性分析结果表明,对于事故期间冷却剂失流的工况,堆芯横流对局部功率的影响更加明显,横流的存在使堆芯内的功率峰值降低17.49%。

     

    Abstract: In pressurized water reactor safety analysis, the point kinetics model and one-dimensional thermal-hydraulic model are always used in system codes to simulate the transient parameter variation of core and pressure vessel. This approach neglects the time-dependent variations in core power and completely mixes the coolant from different loops in the downcomer and lower plenum. This study aims to develop and validate an implicitly coupled thermal-hydraulic and neutronics code based on system code NUSOL-SYS and to perform transient analysis of a main steam line break accident combining the coupled code and the three-dimensional computational capability of NUSOL-SYS. The coupling was achieved using Picard iteration in the form of Gauss-Seidel, which allowed the two codes to alternate solving at each time step until the convergence criterion was reached. The coupling code was validated against the NEACRP REA benchmark. Two postulated transient cases involving a single assembly at different time steps were conducted to compare the performance of the operator splitting method and Picard iteration. The results indicate that as the time step increases, transient power oscillations occur in simulations using the operator splitting method due to the lack of parameter convergence within the time step. The amplitude of these oscillations increases with the time step size. Under the same conditions, the relative error of transient peak power of the explicit coupling method is 30 times greater than Picard iteration. Additionally, a detailed three-dimensional model of the pressure vessel of CPR1000 was established. The comparative analysis with one-dimensional pressure vessel and sensitivity analysis on crossflow and whether coolant flow is lost during the accident were conducted. The results show the developed detailed model can correctly reflect the diffusion and mixing process of the coolant in the downcomer. Compared to the one-dimensional pressure vessel model, the second power peak and the local power peak calculated with the three-dimensional model are both higher. Sensitivity analysis during the accident indicates that the impact of crossflow on local parameters is minimal when coolant flow is not lost, which means the axial flow is dominant. However, when the coolant pump fails during the accident, the impact of crossflow becomes more pronounced and reduce the core local peak power by 17.49%.

     

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