适用于两流体系统分析程序的相间换热模块研制

Development of Interfacial Heat Transfer Module Suitable for Two-fluid System Code

  • 摘要: 在核反应堆安全分析中,气液相间的质量和热量传递是决定程序计算两相准确性的关键因素,开发针对两流体系统程序的相间换热包具有广泛的工程应用和研究价值。通过深入分析目前国际上常用的反应堆系统分析程序和公开文献中的相间换热模型,在广泛调研和评估结果的基础上提出了一套新的相间换热包。相间换热包涵盖了流型图、界面浓度和相间换热关系式3个关键要素,流型图覆盖了包括泡状流、弹状流、环雾流、反弹状流、反环状流等流型。在界面浓度的确定上,根据流型的特点采取了不同的计算方法,并筛选出了合适的换热关系式用以计算换热系数。为了验证该换热包的准确性,将相间换热包与RELAP程序耦合,并通过大量稳态和瞬态实验进行对比验证。结果表明新开发的相间换热包能准确模拟相间换热过程,对FLECHT SEASET的蒸汽冷却子实验和气化子实验以及Bennett实验的预测优于RELAP的结果。本文结果可为具有自主知识产权的系统分析程序开发和优化提供一定的参考。

     

    Abstract: In the safety analysis of nuclear reactor accidents, mass and heat transfer between vapor and liquid phases are critical factors influencing the accuracy of safety analysis codes. Developing an interfacial heat transfer package tailored to two-fluid system codes holds significant engineering application potential and research value. Through a comprehensive investigation and evaluation of interfacial heat transfer models used in internationally recognized reactor system analysis codes and published literature, a new interfacial heat transfer package was proposed. The package included three key components: flow regime map, interfacial area models, and interfacial heat transfer correlations. The flow regime map encompassed all relevant flow regimes, including bubbly flow, slug flow, annular-mist flow, inverted slug flow, and inverted annular flow. For interfacial area determination, different calculation methods were employed based on the specific characteristics of each flow regime, and suitable heat transfer correlations were selected to ensure accurate computation. To verify the accuracy of the new developed interfacial heat transfer package, it was integrated with the RELAP code and extensively tested against a wide range of steady-state and transient tests. The steady-state results demonstrate strong alignment between predictions from the new code and experimental data. In the Christensen test, the axial void fraction predictions from the new code show an overall relative error of less than 10%, validating its accuracy. In the OSV test, the code effectively captures the void fraction trends. For the ORNL test, wall temperature predictions closely match experimental values, while axial void fraction and vapor temperature predictions are slightly higher but remained within acceptable error margins, demonstrating overall reliability. Additionally, in the MIT pressurizer test, the pressure drop predicted by the new code occurs more rapidly than the experimental measurements. However, the overall trend is consistent, and the results remain satisfactory. In the FLECHT SEASET steam cooling tests, the results show that the new code provides more accurate predictions of interfacial heat transfer processes under most conditions compared to RELAP, with comparable accuracy in other conditions. For the FLECHT SEASET vaporization tests, the new code and RELAP exhibit similar accuracy at lower axial positions, but at higher positions, the accuracy of RELAP is significantly lower than that of the new code. In the Bennett test, RELAP significantly overestimates the interfacial heat transfer coefficient, leading to overly optimistic wall temperature predictions, whereas the new code optimized these predictions, offering more accurate results. In conclusion, the interfacial heat transfer package developed in this study can accurately simulate interfacial heat transfer processes. Its accuracy surpasses that of the RELAP interfacial heat transfer model, particularly in flow regimes occurring after CHF (critical heat flux).

     

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