近库仑势垒能区16,18O+52Cr体系熔合反应研究

Near-Coulomb-barrier Fusion of 16,18O+52Cr Systems

  • 摘要: 近库仑势垒(近垒)能区重离子熔合反应涉及耦合道效应和人工合成超重元素,一直是核物理学的研究热点。在所有耦合道中,核子转移是最复杂的一种,相关的实验结论也不一致。为进一步研究核子转移效应,选择丰中子弹核18O参与的核反应体系,其通常有大的正Q值双中子转移道,同时质子削裂道由于其丰中子和负反应Q值特性而被抑制,因此中子转移效应预期更显著。为此,选择16,18O+52Cr体系进行研究,其中18O+52Cr有大的正Q值双中子转移道,16O+52Cr被选作参考体系。实验在中国原子能科学研究院北京HI-13串列加速器的静电偏转板装置上完成的,基于耦合道程序CCFULL对实验数据进行了分析。结果表明,在垒下能区18O+52Cr体系仅表现出微弱的与正Q值双中子转移相联系的垒下熔合截面增强,且在多个18O诱发熔合反应的体系中均表现出这个特征,具有一定的系统性规律。

     

    Abstract: Near-Coulomb-barrier (near-barrier) fusion of heavy-ions is a complicated reaction process which is related to the quantum tunneling and coupled-channels effect as well as the synthesization of super-heavy elements. It has been a hot topic since the discovery of sub-barrier fusion enhancement phenomenon in 1978. The proposed concept of fusion barrier distribution has stimulated many high-precision experiments and pushed the understanding of the coupled channels involved in the near-barrier heavy-ion fusion process. The relevant effects of low-lying inelastic excitations have been highlighted based on this idea. Among the coupled channels involved in the heavy-ion fusion process, coupling to nucleon transfers is a complicated problem. Up to now, the experimental conclusions for the transfer effects are still controversial and the theories still can’t deal with this coupling self-consistently. For studying this mechanism experimentally, the neutron-rich 18O-induced fusion with medium-mass target is an ideal choice, since this type of system usually has a big positive Q-value two-neutron (2n) transfer channel and simultaneously has no positive Q-value proton stripping channels, wherein both the two factors may contribute to the sub-barrier fusion enhancement. For this, the 16,18O+52Cr systems were selected, wherein 18O+52Cr was measured for studying the effect of positive Q-value 2n stripping channel while 16O+52Cr for a reference. The experiment has been performed by using the electrostatic deflector at near-barrier energy region at the R60º nuclear reaction terminal of the Beijing HI-13 Tandem Accelerator at the China Institute of Atomic Energy. The fusion evaporation residues at forward small angles were separated from the scattered beam-like particles, and then identified based on the time-of-flight and energy signals of the particles, that is the TOF-E method. The experimental data were analyzed by using the coupled-channels code CCFULL. The measured fusion excitation function of 16O+52Cr can be well reproduced by the CCFULL calculations. While, for 18O+52Cr, the calculated results including both the 21+ vibrational state of 18O and 21+ vibrational state of 52Cr somewhat underestimate the sub-barrier experimental result. Combing with the available experimental results of 18O+118Sn, 74Ge, a systematic conclusion of no remarkable sub-barrier fusion enhancement for the systems with positive Q-value 2n-stripping channel can be tentatively obtained. This finding offers a challenge for the prevailing argument that the sub-barrier fusion of heavy-ions is greatly enhanced due to strong coupling to the positive Q-value neutron transfer channels. The present result offers a critical restriction for the current theoretical models, and whilst the experimental studies for more systems are needed to extend this systematics.

     

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