低能电子在菱形白云母微孔中传输行为的探究

Study on Transmission Behavior of Low-energy Electrons in Rhombic White Mica Micropores

  • 摘要: 带电粒子在通过绝缘微孔结构后的束流性质变化研究,在束流传输控制的理论验证和实验观测方法创新上具有重要价值。尤其是微观粒子流与微尺寸结构相互作用时表现出的电学特性演变,能够为纳米器件的电荷输运机制研究提供新视角。本文以1.5 keV量级的低能电子束为研究对象,对穿透白云母基底菱形微孔膜的粒子束进行了系统性测量。实验主要聚焦两个关键参量:粒子出射后的二维角分布特征与时间维度上的动态演化规律。为实现高精度同步检测,创新性地采用了MCP(二维微通道板)-荧光屏成像系统与CCD相机(电荷耦合器件)的复合探测方案:前端由MCP对入射电子进行逐级放大并转化为光子信号,继而在荧光屏上生成空间分布图像,最终通过CCD实现多时间节点的图像采集与定量分析。在这个能量下,发现穿透率随微孔相对于束流夹角(倾角)的变化是接近高斯分布的。当束流方向与微孔轴向一致时(即倾角为0o时),角分布半高宽在微孔几何张角以内,在0o周边约0.8o的倾角范围内发现了穿透。其穿透强度和半高宽在小于几何上容许电子直接穿过的特定倾角范围内保持稳定,在此范围之外快速下降。1.5 keV下电子穿透率先小幅上升,随后保持平稳,穿透角分布中心位置无明显移动,角分布的宽度与高电荷态离子观测结果类似,出射角分布形状没有类似高电荷态离子观测的由于镜像电荷导致的成型效应。本文采用自主开发的基于介电响应的镜像电荷力的蒙特卡罗程序模拟了出射电子的角分布,对比了实验结果,发现电子在这个能量下的镜像电荷力较弱,不足以像高电荷态正离子那样被影响并裁成特定形状。

     

    Abstract: The study of changes in beam properties of charged particles after passing through insulating microporous structures holds significant value for theoretical verification of beam transport control and innovation in experimental observation methodologies. Notably, the evolution of electrical characteristics displayed during the interaction between such microscopic particle flows and micro-scale structures can provide new insights into charge transport mechanisms in nanodevices. The low-energy electron beams at the 1.5 keV level penetrating a muscovite substrate with diamond-shaped micropore membranes were systematically investigated. The experiment focused on two critical parameters: the two-dimensional angular distribution characteristics of emitted particles and dynamic evolution patterns across the temporal dimension. To achieve high-precision synchronous detection, an innovative composite detection scheme was developed using an MCP (microchannel plate)-phosphor screen imaging system combined with a CCD (charge-coupled device) camera: The MCP enables cascaded amplification of incident electrons and their conversion into photon signals, generating spatial distribution images on the phosphor screen, while the CCD facilitates multi-temporal-node image acquisition and quantitative analysis. At this energy, it is found that the transmission rate changes with the micropore’s angle relative to the beam axis in a manner close to a Gaussian distribution. When the beam direction aligns with the micropore axis (i.e., at a tilt angle of 0°), the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the angular distribution is within the micropore’s geometric opening angle, and transmission is observed within a tilt angle range of approximately 0.8° around 0°. The transmission intensity and FWHM remain stable within a specific tilt angle range where electrons can directly pass through geometrically, and rapidly decrease outside of this range. At 1.5 keV, the electron transmission rate initially increases slightly and then stabilizes, with no noticeable shift in the central position of the angular distribution. The width of the angular distribution is similar to the results observed for highly charged ions, but the shape of the exit angle distribution does not exhibit the imaging effects caused by mirror charges, as seen with high-charged ions. A Monte Carlo program, developed by the authors based on dielectric response and mirror charge forces, was used to simulate the angular distribution of emitted electrons and the results were compared with experimental data. It is found that the mirror charge force at this energy is relatively weak, insufficient to influence the electrons in the same way as highly charged ions, which typically form specific shapes due to the mirror charge effects.

     

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