Abstract: This paper reviews China’s recent advancements in on-site radiation protection technologies for transuranic nuclide-related processes, with specific focus on dual approaches to internal and external exposure control. For internal radiation monitoring and protection, the characteristics of aerosols, continuous monitoring of aerosols, aerosol control, and individual internal irradiation monitoring, were studied, which could provide technical supports for internal radiation protection design and protection of personnel. For external radiation monitoring and protection, inspection robots, digitalization of radiation fields, and mobile personnel protection were studied. While improving the overall external irradiation monitoring and protection capabilities, the digital and intelligent development of such processes has also been promoted. Overall, China has already carried out a series of research for radiation protection of transuranic nuclides. However, radiation protection technologies focus on transuranic nuclides should be continuously studied combined with long-term operating conditions, such as digital and intelligent technologies and the mechanisms of aerosol behavior in different processes, to improve the level of radiation protection of transuranic nuclide processes.