微波烧结SrZP-独居石复相陶瓷固化体的组成与结构变化

Composition and Structural Change of SrZP-monazite Composite Ceramic Forms Prepared by Microwave Sintering

  • 摘要: 本研究以88Sr模拟裂变产物90Sr、Sm3+/Eu3+模拟三价(次)锕系元素,采用微波一步烧结法成功制备了(1−x)Sr0.5Zr2(PO4)3-x(Sm0.5Eu0.5)PO4(SrZP-独居石,x=0.0,0.2,0.4,0.5,0.6,0.8,1.0)复相陶瓷核废物固化体。系统研究了复相陶瓷固化体的制备工艺,以及SrZP和Sm0.5Eu0.5PO4独居石两相比例改变对固化体的密度、物相结构、微观形貌和化学稳定性的影响规律。研究结果表明,SrZP-独居石系列复相陶瓷固化体较佳的烧结工艺为1 100 ℃保温1.5 h;固化体具有较高的致密度,其相对密度最高可达97.5%。SrZP-独居石复相陶瓷仅由SrZP相和Sm0.5Eu0.5PO4独居石相组成,且两相晶粒分布均匀,具有致密的微观结构。复相陶瓷中x发生改变并未引起两种晶相的晶胞参数发生明显变化,表明两相比例改变对固化体的晶体结构影响不大。PCT结果表明,SrZP-独居石(x=0.5)复相陶瓷固化体具有良好的化学稳定性,所有核素的归一化浸出率均处于较低水平(Sr,约10−4 g·m−2·d−1;Sm/Eu,10−5~10−6 g·m−2·d−1)。微波一步烧结法制备的SrZP-独居石系列复相陶瓷核废物固化体能够实现裂变产物Sr与三价(次)锕系核素的高效协同固化,同时显著缩短了固化体样品的烧结周期并提升了材料致密度。

     

    Abstract: Due to its excellent chemical stability, irradiation resistance, and thermal stability, strontium zirconium phosphate (Sr0.5Zr2(PO4)3) could be used to immobilize fission product strontium (Sr). In addition, monazite (LnPO4) is known as a phosphate mineral that can persist for a long time in nature. From a structural perspective, the LnPO4 polyhedron of monazite could immobilize a wide variety of radionuclides (Sm, Eu, Gd, U, etc.) according to the principle of isomorphism and there is no change to the crystalline structure. It is regarded as an ideal host matrix for minor actinides because of high performance in mechanical stability, chemical stability, and irradiation tolerance. Therefore, in this study, (1−x)Sr0.5Zr2(PO4)3-x(Sm0.5Eu0.5)PO4 (SrZP-monazite, x=0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0) phosphate composite ceramic waste forms, where 90Sr and trivalent minor actinides were simulated by 88Sr and Sm3+/Eu3+ respectively, were obtained via in-situ one-step microwave sintering. XRD, SEM, FTIR and PCT tests were conducted to systematically explore the density, structural evolution and chemical stability of SrZP-monazite series composite ceramics. According to the experimental results, the optimal sintering conditions for the SrZP-monazite series composite ceramics were sintered at 1 100 ℃ for 1.5 h. Under this condition, the prepared samples are found to be dense with a maximum relative density of 97.5%. The prepared SrZP-monazite composite ceramics are only composed of SrZP phase and (Sm, Eu)PO4 phase, which are uniform in grain distribution. The change in x value causes no obvious changes to cell parameters, indicating a limited effect of the biphasic ratio changes on the phase structure of the composite ceramics. As revealed by the results of PCT, the SrZP-monazite (x=0.5) sample exhibits high chemical stability, and multiphase ceramics outperforms single-phase ceramics in leaching resistance, with the normalized leaching rates of all elements being at relatively low magnitudes (Sr: about 10−4 g·m−2·d−1; Sm/Eu: 10−5-10−6 g·m−2·d−1). In conclusion, SrZP-monazite composite ceramic waste forms are successfully prepared by microwave one-step. The samples achieve highly efficient co-immobilization of fission products (Sr) and trivalent minor actinides and high waste loading, while the microwave-assisted heating mechanism significantly shortens the sintering cycle and enhances material densification. And the SrZP-monazite (x=0.5) composite ceramics perform well in chemical stability.

     

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