中国原子能科学研究院核物理加速器设施及技术应用

Facilities and Technical Applications for Nuclear Physics Accelerator in China Institute of Atomic Energy

  • 摘要: 中国原子能科学研究院长期开展放射性核束产生技术、低能高压加速器技术、串列加速器技术及高频型加速器研究,建立了HI-13串列加速器、超导直线加速器、多粒子可变能量回旋加速器、600 kV高压倍加器、北京放射性核束装置在线同位素分离器、锦屏地下强流加速器等核物理研究装置,有力支撑了我国基础核物理事业及相关领域的发展,放射性核束产额、高压加速器性能指标均达到国际先进水平。中国原子能科学研究院还基于核物理加速器技术,开发了小型串列加速器、小型中子发生器、加速器质谱、离子注入机、核孔膜生产等产业项目,并初步实现产品型谱化,其中小型串列加速器实现了国内自主可控。

     

    Abstract: China Institute of Atomic Energy (CIAE) has persistently developed technologies including radioactive beam generation, low-energy high-voltage accelerators, tandem accelerators, and high-frequency accelerators. Nuclear physics research facilities, such as the HI-13 Tandem Accelerator, superconducting linear accelerator, multi-particle variable-energy cyclotron, 600 kV high-voltage multiplier, high mass resolution on-line isotope separator, and Jinping underground high-current accelerator, has been established. The HI-13 Tandem Accelerator has accumulated nearly 150 000 h of operation with 125 000 h of beam supply. In 2014, it is upgraded to the Beijing Radioactive Ion-beam Facility with a new cyclotron and a new on-line isotope separator upstream and a new superconducting booster downstream. In 2016, a superconducting linear accelerator was being constructed to increasing maximum energy gain to 17 MeV/q instead of the booster. The multi-particle variable-energy cyclotron is an isochronous cyclotron with a maximum acceleration factor K of 130, delivering proton energies up to 72 MeV. The 600 kV high-voltage multiplier runs over 1 500 h annually, completing more than 30 experiments and serving over 30 research institutes and enterprises. The Jinping underground astrophysical experiment facility currently holds the world record for the strongest deep-earth accelerator beam intensity, surpassing Italy’s LUNA laboratory accelerator by tenfold. Based on the Beijing Radioactive Ion-beam Facility, the calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, silicon carbide, lanthanum carbide, and uranium carbide targets were developed in recent years. By utilizing an innovative dual-mode ion source structure, it has generated 55 types of radioactive isotope beams including sodium, potassium, aluminum, and rubidium, with the shortest half-life reaching 0.17 s and maximum beam intensity at 1010 s−1, achieving international advanced levels. CIAE has developed industrial projects such as small tandem accelerators, small neutron generators, accelerator mass spectrometer, and nuclear pore membrane production based on nuclear physics accelerator technology. In 2025, a 2×1.7 MV and a 2×3 MV tandem accelerators were delivered to users, and in 2026, a 2×6 MV tandem accelerator will be delivered, product standardization is preliminarily completed and technical self-reliance is achieved. CIAE has developed compact neutron generators and time-marking neutron generators with accuracy better than 1 ns and position-marking accuracy better than 0.3 mm. A high-flux neutron generator with capable of producing 3×1012 neutrons per second is under research. CIAE has developed atmospheric-insulated mass spectrometers and compact mass spectrometers, and has established an accelerator-based nuclear pore membrane production line, providing various nuclear pore membrane products.

     

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