Abstract: In recent years, China Institute of Atomic Energy (CIAE) has achieved a series of groundbreaking advancements in the field of stable isotope separation technology. This article systematically elaborates on CIAE’s research achievements and industrial applications in two core technologies: cryogenic distillation and electromagnetic separation. In cryogenic distillation technology, CIAE has overcome the technical bottleneck of cascade distillation for light isotopes (¹³C, ¹⁰B) with ultra-low separation factors, establishing an internationally advanced industrial production line with an annual output of 500 kg of ¹³CO (99% enrichment), achieving domestic production of medical-grade ¹³C-urea raw materials. Simultaneously, CIAE is advancing a hundred-ton-scale boron isotope industrialization project, which is expected to meet the national strategic needs of neutron absorption in nuclear power. In electromagnetic separation technology, CIAE has innovatively developed core technologies such as dual-arc high-current ion sources and high-resolution beam transport, successfully producing high-enrichment isotopes like ⁸⁷Rb (a key material for BeiDou atomic clocks) and ¹⁷⁶Yb (a precursor for ¹⁷⁷Lu). The key technical indicators have reached international advanced levels, promoting domestic progress in quantum technology and nuclear medicine. Through the full-chain innovation model of “technological breakthroughs-pilot verification-industrial implementation”, CIAE has provided core material support for nuclear safety, technological innovation, and high-end medical applications. In the future, CIAE will continue to optimize stable isotope separation technologies and expand application scenarios to support national strategic scientific and technological development.