中国散裂中子源负氢束流激光剥离注入方法研究

Negative Hydrogen Laser-stripping Injection Method for China Spallation Neutron Source

  • 摘要: 负氢剥离注入方式作为目前强流质子加速器束流注入的唯一选择,可有效克服刘维尔定理限制,累积更多粒子束流。传统膜剥离注入方法具有寿命短、高温下失效快、束流损失大、辐射剂量高等缺点,极大限制了注入束流功率和密度的提升,对加速器稳定运行具有重要影响。而激光剥离注入方法不仅能解决剥离膜存在的缺陷,且具有众多优点,包括减小束流耦合不稳定性、增加涂抹自由度、具备斩波器功能等,具有广阔的发展前景。本文系统研究基于磁铁与激光的负氢束流激光剥离注入方法,对负氢离子逐步剥离为质子的3个物理过程进行探索,并自主开发激光剥离注入仿真计算程序。基于CSNS-Ⅱ注入区负氢束流参数与程序优化结果,提出一种全新的激光剥离注入可行性方案:采用高纵向梯度二极磁铁实现低发射度增长的磁铁剥离,利用双激光级联激发有效降低激光功率需求;最终通过红外激光完成阈值电离,整体剥离效率满足设计要求。

     

    Abstract: To circumvent Liouville’s theorem via non-Hamiltonian processes and enable higher beam power and density accumulation in the China Spallation Neutron Source Phase Ⅱ (CSNS-Ⅱ), a novel injection technique is urgently required to replace the conventional carbon-foil stripping method, which suffers from short lifetime, excessive beam loss, high radiation dose, and electron-cloud effects under high-intensity operation. A comprehensive study of a three-step laser-stripping injection scheme for negative hydrogen beams was presented. Firstly, magnetic stripping of the loosely bound outer electron using a high-gradient dipole magnet to produce neutral hydrogen atoms. Secondly, sequential laser excitation via two photons (266 nm and 532 nm) to promote atoms to the second excited state (n=3). Thirdly, photoionization of the excited atoms into protons using an infrared laser (1 064 nm). A dedicated simulation suite was independently developed to model each physical process with high fidelity, enabling systematic parameter optimization. Based on the CSNS-Ⅱ injection parameters, a feasible scheme was proposed that minimizes emittance growth. Simulation results show that a longitudinally tapered dipole magnet with a peak field of 2.35 T and edge gradient exceeding 60 T/m achieves efficient stripping while limiting emittance blow-up to a factor of 5.6. The two-step laser excitation reduces the required peak power by over 80% compared to single-photon excitation, with optimized laser parameters of 311.1 kW at 266 nm and 70.1 kW at 532 nm. Final ionization was accomplished using a 1.25 MW, 1 064 nm laser, ensuring a total stripping efficiency above 99.7%, as mandated by the beam dump design. In terms of engineering implementation, the proposed scheme boasts multiple adaptability advantages: The selected lasers are all mature industrial-grade light sources. Relying on existing solid-state laser frequency doubling and amplification technologies, they can achieve long-term stable output, substantially reducing equipment research and development as well as maintenance costs. The design of the longitudinally high gradient dipole magnet has undergone multiple rounds of electromagnetic simulation and structural optimization. Key indicators such as its peak magnetic field and edge gradient can be precisely achieved by adjusting the Halbach segmentation strategy. Moreover, the overall size of the magnet is highly compatible with the existing installation space in the CSNS-Ⅱ injection area, eliminating the need for large-scale modifications to the main structure of the accelerator. Furthermore, compared with traditional foil stripping technology, this scheme achieves significant improvements in operational safety and economy. The laser stripping process involves no solid material consumption, completely avoiding equipment downtime and replacement costs caused by stripping foil evaporation, thus remarkably extending the annual effective operation time of the accelerator. Meanwhile, it can effectively predict the trajectories of stripped electrons, significantly reducing the beam loss rate, greatly minimizing radiation damage to surrounding equipment.

     

/

返回文章
返回