基于连续性钠水反应的放射性废钠处理工艺研究

Research on Treatment Process of Radioactive Sodium Waste Based on Continuous Sodium-water Reaction

  • 摘要: 放射性废钠处理是钠冷快堆运行、维修和退役期间面临的重要技术挑战和安全问题。为了自主掌握连续性废钠处理工艺技术,本研究根据工艺的化学基础特点开发了基于钠水反应的连续性废钠处理工艺,通过工艺流程仿真确定了工艺参数和关键设备设计输入,基于此研制了钠水反应器、钠计量泵等关键设备,建立了连续性钠处理综合实验回路。经过12 h的长周期、连续处理实验考验,实现了以40 kg/h钠处理流量的稳定、连续钠水反应,同时经碱液循环冷却确保了钠水反应器中碱液平均温度始终低于80 ℃,且氢气排放功能安全有效,验证了主工艺及研发设备的可靠性和安全性,自主掌握了放射性废钠连续处理主工艺技术。

     

    Abstract: The treatment of radioactive sodium waste is a significant technical challenge and safety issue during the operation, maintenance and decommissioning of sodium-cooled fast reactors. To independently master the continuous sodium waste treatment process technology, a continuous sodium waste treatment process was developed based on the sodium-water reaction according to the chemical principles and characteristics of the continuous process in this study. Firstly, the material, energy and process parameters of the continuous sodium-water reaction and a series of subsequent treatment processes were simulated and calculated using process flow simulation software to determine the basic design input of process parameters and key equipment, and verify the feasibility of the continuous process. Then, key equipments such as the sodium-water reactor, sodium metering pump and sodium atomizing nozzle in the process were developed based on the design parameters, and numerical simulation calculations and individual tests were conducted to verify their feasibility and functionality. Finally, a comprehensive experimental loop for continuous sodium treatment was established, and a 12-hour long-term continuous treatment test was carried out. A stable and continuous sodium-water reaction at a rate of 40 kg/h was achieved. Meanwhile, the average temperature of the alkaline solution in the sodium-water reactor was kept below 80 ℃ through the cooling of the alkaline solution circulation system, and the hydrogen gas emission system worked safely and effectively. This study designed and verified the reliability and safety of the main process and developed equipment, marking that China has basically independently mastered the continuous treatment technology of radioactive sodium waste and laying a foundation for the subsequent engineering application of continuous radioactive sodium waste treatment.

     

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