介质壁波导结构在武汉先进光源中的模拟应用研究

Simulation Application of Dielectric Lined Waveguide Structure in Wuhan Advanced Light Source

  • 摘要: 相对论电子束团通过介质壁波导可产生太赫兹尾场,用于束团加速与纵向相空间操控。本文研究围绕武汉先进光源全能量直线注入器的束流特性,开展了两方面研究。首先,基于为激光等离子体加速设计的低电荷量(50 pC)超短束团,对矩形介质壁波导与金属褶皱结构进行了参数扫描与对比分析,并在此基础上提出了一种介质-褶皱复合结构,其尾场强度显著优于传统结构,为太赫兹尾场产生及束团加速提供了新方案。其次,针对直线加速器高电荷量(1 nC)下束团压缩模式中引入的纵向相关能散补偿问题,研究了在束团压缩器后增加介质壁波导结构作为去啁啾器的可行性。模拟表明,该结构在束团能量270 MeV处能有效补偿纵向相关能散,使后续加速段保持峰值梯度运行,从而提升加速器整体效率。本文研究不仅提出了尾场性能更优的复合结构,也验证了介质壁波导结构在武汉光源直线加速器中的束团纵向相空间改善潜力。

     

    Abstract: Relativistic electron bunches can generate THz wakefields through dielectric lined waveguide (DLW), which can be applied to witness bunch acceleration and longitudinal phase space manipulation of the driving bunch itself. In recent years, DLW-based THz wakefield techniques have attracted considerable interest because they naturally match the sub-picosecond duration of relativistic electron bunches and are capable of providing gigavolt-per-meter accelerating gradients. Compared with conventional RF (radio frequency)-based accelerating structures, they offer the advantages of compact size, wide tunability, and the possibility of passive beam-driven operation. Based on the bunch parameters of the Wuhan Advanced Light Source (WALS) injector, two relevant aspects of study were carried out. First, utilizing the 50 pC bunch parameters originally designed for external injection into laser plasma acceleration, numerical simulations were performed to conduct parameter scans and comparative analyses of rectangular DLW and metallic corrugated structures. The simulations covered a broad range of structural parameters, and the wakefield potential, frequency spectrum, and beam-structure coupling efficiency were used as evaluation criteria. On this basis, a dielectric-metal hybrid structure was proposed, and the results show that its wakefield strength surpasses that of the conventional structures. In particular, the hybrid structure combined the high-gradient capability of dielectric materials with the robustness and versatility of metallic corrugated structures, leading to enhanced field amplitudes and improved bunch stability. Such a configuration is expected to be beneficial for both single-bunch acceleration and multi-bunch beam manipulation. This provides a new scheme for THz wakefield generation and longitudinal phase space manipulation. Furthermore, directly addressing the practical demands of the injector under high-charge (1 nC) operation at WALS, DLW was introduced as an energy dechirper following the bunch compressor. At an average bunch energy of 270 MeV, effective compensation of the longitudinal correlated energy spread has been achieved. The numerical results indicate that the dechirper can reduce the correlated energy chirp by more than 50%, significantly improving the longitudinal energy uniformity across the bunch. By mitigating this correlated energy spread with the DLW, subsequent accelerating sections after the bunch compressor can operate at peak gradient without sacrificing beam quality, thereby improving the overall accelerating efficiency of the LINAC injector. This work demonstrates not only a new wakefield structural design but also a systematic evaluation of the energy dechirp function under realistic LINAC injector conditions. The results confirm the application potential of DLW in the WALS and indicate that such structures could also be applied to other advanced light sources and free-electron laser facilities. In a broader context, the proposed approach provides theoretical support and practical guidelines for implementing advanced wakefield-based beam manipulation techniques, contributing to the ongoing development of high-brightness electron bunches and compact accelerator technologies.

     

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