基于分子动力学方法的水分子对熔融氢氧化钠表面张力影响机理研究

Study on Influence Mechanism of Water Molecules on Surface Tension of Molten Sodium Hydroxide Based on Molecular Dynamics Method

  • 摘要: 钠冷快堆作为第四代反应堆,是我国实现闭式核燃料循环战略的关键堆型,当钠冷快堆发生钠水事故时,高压水蒸气会进入钠回路与液态钠发生反应。液态钠与水蒸气的两相反应模型对钠水事故预测及废钠处理均具有重要意义。本文基于前期液态钠-水蒸气可视化实验中发现的温度依赖性液膜形态差异,采用 Buckingham-Lennard-Jones混合势方法,探究600~900 K温度区间内熔融氢氧化钠液膜与水蒸气的相互作用机制。首先通过密度与黏度计算验证了力场适用性,然后基于体系应力张量法计算表面张力,结合径向分布函数(RDF)及分子平均配位数分析了分子间的相互作用。结果表明,水分子在高温条件下与氢氧根离子之间存在弱氢键,与钠离子之间存在配位结构;在熔融氢氧化钠自由表面体系中,水分子因静电力作用主要分布于表面而非均匀分布。当环境水分子充裕时,水分子会通过与熔融物表面钠离子形成配位关系,将液膜表层离子间的静电作用逐渐转化为水分子-离子相互作用,通过降低熔融氢氧化钠的内部作用力减小其表面张力。此外,水分子在熔融氢氧化钠中的扩散系数由不同温度下的均方位移数据(MSD)进行了拟合,水分子扩散活化能的计算结果为31.7 kJ/mol。与水或溶液体系相比,该活化能数值偏高,表明水分子在熔融氢氧化钠中的扩散过程受到显著抑制。本研究为高精度液态钠-水蒸气两相反应模型研究提供了技术支持,对钠冷快堆钠水事故的安全分析与防控具有理论意义。

     

    Abstract: As a fourth-generation nuclear reactor, the sodium-cooled fast reactor (SFR) is a crucial reactor type for China to realize its closed-cycle nuclear energy strategy. When a sodium-water reaction (SWR) accident occurs in SFR, high-pressure steam enters the sodium loop and reacts with liquid sodium. The two-phase reaction rate model for sodium and water vapor is of great significance for predicting sodium-water accidents and optimizing the treatment of waste sodium. Based on the temperature-dependent liquid film morphology differences observed in previous visual experiments on liquid sodium-water vapor interactions, in this study the Buckingham-Lennard-Jones mixed potential method was employed to investigate the interaction mechanism between molten sodium hydroxide (NaOH) liquid films and water vapor within the temperature range of 600-900 K via molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Firstly, the applicability of the potential was verified by calculating density and viscosity, then the surface tension was calculated using the stress tensor method, final the intermolecular interactions was analyzed by combining the results of the radial distribution function (RDF) and average molecular coordination number. The results indicate that water molecules form weak hydrogen bonds with hydroxide ions and coordination structures with sodium ions under high-temperature conditions. In the molten sodium hydroxide free surface system, water molecules are mainly distributed on the surface rather than being uniformly distributed due to electrostatic forces. When water molecules are abundant in the environment, they form coordination bonds with sodium ions on the surface of the molten material, gradually converting the electrostatic interactions between ions in the surface layer of the liquid film into water molecule-ion interactions. This process reduces the internal forces within molten sodium hydroxide, thereby decreasing its surface tension. In addition, the diffusion coefficient of water molecules in molten sodium hydroxide was fitted using mean squared displacement (MSD) data at different temperatures. The results indicate that the diffusion coefficient of water vapor in sodium hydroxide increases with rising temperature, which is consistent with the Arrhenius distribution. The calculated diffusion activation energy of water molecules is 31.7 kJ/mol. Compared with the diffusion behavior of water molecules in pure water or aqueous solutions, water molecules in molten sodium hydroxide exhibit a higher diffusion activation energy, indicating that the diffusion process is significantly inhibited. This research provides theoretical support for the study of high-precision liquid sodium-steam two-phase reaction models and holds theoretical significance for the analysis and prevention of sodium-water accidents in sodium-cooled fast reactors.

     

/

返回文章
返回